The The Role and Challenges of Gampong Customary Courts in Resolving Customary Criminal Cases in Lhokseumawe City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33367/ijhass.v5i4.6166Keywords:
Aceh Customary Courts, Gampong Customary Court, Customary Criminal Cases, Deliberation and ConsensusAbstract
The Aceh customary courts play a pivotal role in resolving societal conflicts, particularly those not addressed by the formal justice system. The formal system often remains inaccessible due to remote locations, high costs, and the complexities of judicial administration, posing significant challenges for communities, especially in Kota Lhokseumawe. This study examines two key issues: the authority of gampong customary courts in addressing customary criminal cases and the resolution models employed by these courts to reduce such cases in Kota Lhokseumawe. Using a descriptive qualitative method based on field research with a normative-empirical juridical approach, this study reveals that the authority of gampong customary courts represents a form of local wisdom that remains highly relevant in Indonesia, particularly in regions with strong customary traditions like Kota Lhokseumawe. This authority is confined to 18 types of cases as stipulated in Article 13 of Aceh Qanun No. 9 of 2008 on the Development of Customary Life and Customs and Aceh Governor Regulation No. 60 of 2013 on the Settlement of Customary Disputes. Through deliberation (musyawarah) and consensus (mufakat), these courts effectively restore social harmony and resolve conflicts peacefully. However, challenges such as the formalization and documentation of customary decisions, training for customary leaders in formal legal procedures, and the inconsistent application of customary law persist. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure that customary courts continue to contribute to maintaining social order and justice at the local level.
References
Afrizal, T. Y., Saifullah, T., & Saifullah, T. (2023). Legal Certainty in Customary Jurisdictions (Case Study in Muara Batu District, North Aceh). SASI, 29(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v29i1.1247
Amalia N, Mukhlis M, Yusrizal Y. Model Penyelesaian Sengketa dan Peradilan Adat di Aceh. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum. 2018 Jan;25(1):159–79. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol25.iss1.art8
Anshari N, Aminah A. Kewenangan Peradilan Adat di Aceh Menurut Qanun No. 10 Tahun 2008 Tentang Lembaga Adat. MAQASIDI: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum. 2022 Dec 30;93–103. https://doi.org/10.47498/maqasidi.vi.1356
Djawas, M., Nurdin, A., Zainuddin, M., Idham, & Idami, Z. (2024). Harmonization of State, Custom, and Islamic Law in Aceh: Perspective of Legal Pluralism. Hasanuddin Law Review, 10(1), 64–82. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v10i1.4824
Herlin, H., Muksalmina, M., & Subaidi, J. (2023). Keberadaan Qanun Nomor 3 Tahun 2013 tentang Bendera dan Lambang Aceh Ditinjau dari Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan. Suloh: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh, 11(2), 170-292. https://doi.org/10.29103/sjp.v11i2.13197
Interview with Chairman of the Aceh Traditional Council of Lhokseumawe City on August 19, 2024.
Interview with Keuchik and Tuha Peuet Gampong Paya Bili, Muara Dua District (Gampong Customary Leader) on August 03, 2024.
Interview with Keusyik Gampong Baloi, Blang Mangat District, Lhokseumawe City (Gampong Customary Leader) on July 27, 2024.
Interview with Keusyik Gampong Blang Teu, Blang Mangat District, Lhokseumawe City (Gampong Customary Leader) on July 27, 2024.
Interview with Keusyik Gampong Hagu Selatan, Banda Sakti District, Lhokseumawe City (Gampong Customary Leader) on August 07, 2024.
Interview with Keusyik Gampong Jambo Timu, Blang Mangat District (Gampong Customary Leader) on July 27, 2024.
Interview with Keusyik Gampong Paya Punteuet, Keusyik Gampong Paya Bili, and Keusyik Gampong Meunasah Mesjid, Muara Dua District, Lhokseumawe City (Gampong Customary Leader) on August 03, 2024.
Interview with Tuha Peut Gampong Blang Teu, Blang Mangat District (Gampong Customary Leader) on July 27, 2024.
Iskandar, M. (2019). The Enforcement of Gampong in the Qanun of Aceh and Its Relative Position in the Indonesian Constitution. Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, 8(2), 255. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.8.2.2019.255-274
Ismail, B. (2015). Peradilan Adat Sebagai Peradilan Alternatif dalam Sistem Peradilan di Indonesia (Peradilan Adat di Aceh) (2nd ed.). Majelis Adat Aceh.
Lesmana, A. L., & Munawir, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of the Existence of Village Customary Courts in Utilizing Problem Solving By the Bireuen Community. JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi), 7 (4), 727-737. https://doi.org/10.26618/jed.v7i4.8998
M. Haris Setiady Agus. Angka Kriminalitas Meningkat di Lhokseumawe. Antara Aceh News [Internet]. [cited 2024 Mar 25]; Available from: https://aceh.antaranews.com/berita/320814/angka-kriminalitas-meningkat-di-lhokseumawe.
M. Kasim, F., & Nurdin, A. (2020). Study of Sociological Law on Conflict Resolution Through Adat in Aceh Community According to Islamic Law. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 4(2), 375. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i2.8231
Mahmuddin, M., Kolopaking, L. M., Kinseng, R. A., Wasistiono, S., & Saharuddin, S. (2016). The Existence of Gampong in the Middle of Changing Community. Komunitas, 8(1), 102–117. https://doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v8i1.4967
Mahmuddin, Riwang U Gampong, Banda Aceh: Ar-Raniry Press, 2019.
Mansur, T. M., Abdullah, M. A., Amiren, M., & Ali, H. (2024). Challenges in Documenting and Formalizing Customary Court System In Aceh, Indonesia. Petita: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum dan Syariah, 9(1), 98-113. https://doi.org/10.22373/petita.v9i1.230
Muksalmina, M., Syahputra, M. R., Yulis, S., & Subaidi, J. (2023). Khalwat Dalam Kajian Hukum Pidana Islam Dan Penyelesaiannya Menurut Qanun Jinayat Aceh. SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum, 2(4), 435-441. https://doi.org/10.55681/seikat.v2i4.806
Nurdin, Muazzin, & Abidin, Z. (2023). The Role of Traditional Justice Providers in Implementing the Customary Court of Aceh. Syiah Kuala Law Journal, 7(1), 121–128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24815/sklj.v7i1.31507
Pasal 13 Qanun Aceh Nomor 9 Tahun 2008 tentang Pembinaan Kehidupan Adat dan Adat Istiadat.
Rahman, A. (2021). Peran Kerajaan Aceh Melawan Penjajahan dan Menyebarkan Islam di Nusantara pada Abad 16-18 M. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-i, 8(5), 1333–1344. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v8i5.21894
Ridha, M., Zainuddin, M., Mujiburrahman, & Melayu, H. A. (2017). Peumat Jaroe: Proses Mediasi Menuju Harmoni dalam Masyarakat Aceh. Lhee Sagoe Press.
Roslaili, Y., Maulana, M., Maghfirah, D., & Suparwany, S. (2024). Sayam: Implementing Customary Law in The Resolution of Persecution Criminal Cases in Aceh. Legitimasi: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Politik Hukum, 13 (1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22373/legitimasi.v13i1.22357
Syahputra, M. R., Din, M., & Jauhari, I. (2022). Mediation as an Alternative Dispute Resolution of Customary in Indonesia. International Journal of Law, 8(4), 38–42. www.lawjournals.org
Tripa, S. (2019). Rekonstruksi Pemerintahan Gampong (M. A. Abdullah, Ed.). Bandar Publishing. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=1237711
Undang-Undang RI. (1999). Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 1999 tentang Penyelenggaraan Keistimewaan Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh (Pasal 3 Ayat 2).
Undang-Undang RI. (2006). Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh (Pasal 16 Ayat 2).
Undang-Undang RI. (2006). Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh (Pasal 115).
Abstract
Views:
75, 
PDF downloads: 58
