Turnover Intention on Employees of Start-Up Companies: Subjective Fit Perception, Personal Resources and Job Insecurity with Work Engagement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33367/ijhass.v5i2.5787Keywords:
Turnover Intention, Person-Job Fit, Person-Organization Fit, Job Insecurity, Personal Resources, Work Engagement, Start-Up Companies.Abstract
Purpose – Human resources are a crucial aspect of start-up companies, representing both a significant investment and a valuable asset. This paper explored an integrative model that investigates how work engagement mediates the impact of job insecurity, person-organization fit, and person-job fit. Methodology – Responses were collected using an online questionnaire at Indonesia start-up company from 317 employees. To evaluate the model's overall fit and the causal relationships between the constructs, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed. Findings – The study findings revealed that among employees in start-up companies, the influence of job insecurity and person-organization fit on turnover intention is fully mediated by work engagement. Additionally, work engagement partially mediates the relationship between job insecurity and person-job fit on turnover intention. The study suggests that companies should ensure job security for their employees and emphasize their significance within the organization. Furthermore, companies should offer activities to enhance employee competencies. Originality –This study will examine differences in the intensity of this effect based on the gender of employees at start-up companies
References
Journal
Abolade, D. A. (2018). Impact of employees' job insecurity and employee turnover on organizational performance in private and public sector organizations. Studies in Business and Economics, 13(2), 5–19
Ali, S. B., Alkadry, M., & Bishu, S. (2018). Why do Men and Women want to Leave? Turnover Intent Among Public Procurement Officers. American Review of Public Administration. 4(1), 1–17
Alniaçik, Alniaçik, Erat, & Akçin. (2013). Does person-organization fit moderate the effects of affective commitment and job satisfaction on turnover intentions?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99(1), 274-281.
Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work and Stress, 22(3), 187–200
Berisha, G., & Lajçi, R. (2020). Fit to last? Investigating how person-job fit and person-organization fit affect turnover intention in the retail context. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 11(2), 407–428
Dai, Y.-D., Altinay, L., Zhuang, W.-L., & Chen, K.-T. (2021). Work engagement and job burnout? Roles of regulatory foci, supervisors’ organizational embodiment and psychological ownership. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46, 114–122.
Dysvik, A., & Kuvass, B. (2013). Perceived job autonomy and turnover intention: The moderating role of perceived supervisor support. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(5), 563–573.
Hellgren, J., Sverke, M., & Isaksson, K. (1999). A Two-dimensional approach to job insecurity: Consequences for employee attitudes and well-being. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(2), 179–195.
Heryanda, K. K. (2019). The Effect of Job Insecurity on Turnover Intention Through Work Satisfaction in Pt Telkom Access Singaraja Employees. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 3(3) 198–205
Jung, H.S., Jung, Y.S., & Yoon, H.H. (2021). OVID-19: The effects of job insecurity on the job engagement and turnover intent of deluxe hotel employees and the moderating role of generational characteristics. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92, 1–9
Kaur, N., & Kang, L.S. (2021). Person-organisation fit, person-job fit and organisational citizenship behaviour: An examination of the mediating role of job satisfaction. IIMB Management Review, 33(4), 347–359
Kim, W., & Hyun, Y. S. (2017). The impact of personal resources on turnover intention: the mediating effects of work engagement. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(8), 705–721.
Kollmann, T., Stöckmann, C., Hensellek, S., & Kensbock, J. (2016). European Start-up Monitor 2016. European StartUp Monitor.
Memon, M. A., Salleh, R., Nordin, S. M., Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., & Chuah, F. (2018). Person-organization fit and turnover intention: The mediating role of work engagement. Journal of Management Development, 37(3), 285–198.
Mensah, J. K., & Bawole, J. N. (2018). Person–job fit matters in parastatal institutions: Testing the mediating effect of person–job fit in the relationship between talent management and employee outcomes. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 0(0), 1–17.
Merissa, B. (2018). Pengaruh Work Engagement Terhadap Turnover Intention Melalui Job Satisfaction Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Pada PT. Lotte Shopping Indonesia Sidoarjo. Jurnal Agora, 6(1), 1-9.
Pratikna, R. N., Budiarto, N. R. P., Sanjaya, R., & Gunawan, R. (2021). Quality of Work Life Pada Turnover Intention Di Perusahaan Start-Up , Adakah Pengaruhnya ? ( Studi Kasus Pada Pt Xyz - Berdasarkan Persepsi Karyawan ). Manners, 4(1), 49–60.
Prawitasari, A. (2016). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Turnover Intention Karyawan Pada Pt. Mandiri Tunas Finance Bengkulu. Ekombis Review, 1(1), 177–186
Lee, H. S., Lee, J. W., Kim, H. Y., Jo, H. J., & Lee, B. G. (2016). Promising ICT Transfer Fields for Promotion of Micro-Startups. Procedia Computer Science, 91, 779–788.
Rangrez, S., Amin, F., & Dixit, S. (2022). Influence of Role Stressors and Job Insecurity on Turnover Intentions in Start-ups: Mediating Role of Job Stress. Business Management & Human Resources, 47(2), 199-215
Setiyati, R., & Hikmawati, E. (2019). Pentingnya perencanaan SDM dalam organisasi. Forum Ilmiah, 16(2), 215–221
Shahpouri, S., Namdari, K., & Abedi, A. (2015). Mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between job resources and personal resources with turnover intention among female nurses. Applied nursing research, 30(1), 216–221
Siddiqi, M. A. (2013). Examining work engagement as a precursor to turnover intentions of service employees. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 5(4), 118–132
Sjöberg, A., & Sverke, M. (2000). The interactive effect of job involvement and organizational commitment on job turnover revisited: A note on the mediating role of turnover intention. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41, 247–252.
Sørlie, H. O., Hetland, J., Dysvik, A., Fosse, T. H., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2020). Person-Organization Fit in a military selection context. Military Psychology, 32(3), 237–246.
Wang, C., Xu, J., Zhang, T. C., & Li, Q. M. (2020). Effects of professional identity on turnover intention in china’s hotel employees. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 10–22
Winden, W. van, & Carvalho, L. (2019). Intermediation in public procurement of innovation: How Amsterdam’s startup-in-residence programme connects startups to urban challenges. Research Policy, 48(9), 1–11.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2007). The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 121–141.
Yalabik, Z. Y., Popaitoon, P., Chowne, J. A., & Rayton, B. A. (2013). Work engagement as a mediator between employee attitudes and outcomes. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2799–2823.
Yin, J., Bi, Y., & Ni, Y. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on turnover intention among hotel employees: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 51, 539-549
Proceedings of the conference
Jaya, M. A., Ferdiana, R., & Fauziati, S. (2017). Analisis Faktor Keberhasilan SDM Startup yang Ada di Yogyakarta. Prosiding SNATIF, 4, 175–179
Lee, H. S., Lee, J. W., Kim, H. Y., Jo, H. J., & Lee, B. G. (2016). Promising ICT Transfer Fields for the Promotion of Micro-Startups. Procedia Computer Science, 91, 779–788.
Winden, W. van, & Carvalho, L. (2019). Intermediation in public procurement of innovation: How Amsterdam's startup-in-residence programme connects start-ups to urban challenges. Research Policy, 48(9), 1–11
Book
Bakker, A., & Leiter M. (2010). Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. Psychology Press.
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods. The McGraw-Hill.
Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker, A. (2004). UWES: Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Utrecht Universitry: Occupational Health Psychology Unit.
Ferdinand, A. (2002). Structural equation modeling dalam penelitian manajemen. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hair, Black, Babin, & Anderson. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Other online sources are
Ahdiat, A. (2022, December 26). Gelombang PHK Startup Masih Berlanjut pada Desember 2022. Retrieved from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/12/26/gelombang-phk-startup-masih-berlanjut-pada-desember-2022
Constantin, A. (2022, December 21). Darren Allen, Genesis Property: The Great Resignation is The Great Disengagement. Retrieved from https://business-review.eu/profiles1/opinions/darren-allen-genesis-property-the-great-resignation-is-the-great-disengagement-239906
Nabila, A. (2022, September 16). Survei Ini Ungkap Fenomena The Great Resignation di Indonesia, Apa Itu?. Retrieved from https://www.parapuan.co/read/533481868/survei-ini-ungkap-fenomena-the-great-resignation-di-indonesia-apa-itu
Ningdiah, S.A. (2022, December 20). 3 Tips Menghadapi Layoff Anxiety, Yuk Mulai Bangkit!. Retrieved from https://www.mainmain.id/r/20667/3-tips-menghadapi-layoff-anxiety-yuk-mulai-bangkit
Utomo, W.P. Indonesia Millennial Report 2019: Memahami Perilaku Milenial Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.idntimes.com/indonesiamillennialreport2019
Wicaksono, A. (2021, October 27). Indonesia peringkat 3 bisnis startup paling berkembang di dunia. Retrieved from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20211027191845-185-713281/indonesia-peringkat-3-bisnis-startup-paling-berkembang-di-dunia
Abolade, D. A. (2018). Impact of employees' job insecurity and employee turnover on organizational performance in private and public sector organizations. Studies in Business and Economics, 13(2), 5–19
Ali, S. B., Alkadry, M., & Bishu, S. (2018). Why do Men and Women want to Leave? Turnover Intent Among Public Procurement Officers. American Review of Public Administration. 4(1), 1–17
Alniaçik, Alniaçik, Erat, & Akçin. (2013). Does person-organization fit moderate the effects of affective commitment and job satisfaction on turnover intentions?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99(1), 274-281.
Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work and Stress, 22(3), 187–200
Berisha, G., & Lajçi, R. (2020). Fit to last? Investigating how person-job fit and person-organization fit affect turnover intention in the retail context. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 11(2), 407–428
Dai, Y.-D., Altinay, L., Zhuang, W.-L., & Chen, K.-T. (2021). Work engagement and job burnout? Roles of regulatory foci, supervisors’ organizational embodiment and psychological ownership. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46, 114–122.
Dysvik, A., & Kuvass, B. (2013). Perceived job autonomy and turnover intention: The moderating role of perceived supervisor support. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(5), 563–573.
Hellgren, J., Sverke, M., & Isaksson, K. (1999). A Two-dimensional approach to job insecurity: Consequences for employee attitudes and well-being. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(2), 179–195.
Heryanda, K. K. (2019). The Effect of Job Insecurity on Turnover Intention Through Work Satisfaction in Pt Telkom Access Singaraja Employees. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 3(3) 198–205
Jung, H.S., Jung, Y.S., & Yoon, H.H. (2021). OVID-19: The effects of job insecurity on the job engagement and turnover intent of deluxe hotel employees and the moderating role of generational characteristics. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92, 1–9
Kaur, N., & Kang, L.S. (2021). Person-organisation fit, person-job fit and organisational citizenship behaviour: An examination of the mediating role of job satisfaction. IIMB Management Review, 33(4), 347–359
Kim, W., & Hyun, Y. S. (2017). The impact of personal resources on turnover intention: the mediating effects of work engagement. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(8), 705–721.
Kollmann, T., Stöckmann, C., Hensellek, S., & Kensbock, J. (2016). European Start-up Monitor 2016. European StartUp Monitor.
Memon, M. A., Salleh, R., Nordin, S. M., Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., & Chuah, F. (2018). Person-organization fit and turnover intention: The mediating role of work engagement. Journal of Management Development, 37(3), 285–198.
Mensah, J. K., & Bawole, J. N. (2018). Person–job fit matters in parastatal institutions: Testing the mediating effect of person–job fit in the relationship between talent management and employee outcomes. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 0(0), 1–17.
Merissa, B. (2018). Pengaruh Work Engagement Terhadap Turnover Intention Melalui Job Satisfaction Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Pada PT. Lotte Shopping Indonesia Sidoarjo. Jurnal Agora, 6(1), 1-9.
Pratikna, R. N., Budiarto, N. R. P., Sanjaya, R., & Gunawan, R. (2021). Quality of Work Life Pada Turnover Intention Di Perusahaan Start-Up , Adakah Pengaruhnya ? ( Studi Kasus Pada Pt Xyz - Berdasarkan Persepsi Karyawan ). Manners, 4(1), 49–60.
Prawitasari, A. (2016). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Turnover Intention Karyawan Pada Pt. Mandiri Tunas Finance Bengkulu. Ekombis Review, 1(1), 177–186
Lee, H. S., Lee, J. W., Kim, H. Y., Jo, H. J., & Lee, B. G. (2016). Promising ICT Transfer Fields for Promotion of Micro-Startups. Procedia Computer Science, 91, 779–788.
Rangrez, S., Amin, F., & Dixit, S. (2022). Influence of Role Stressors and Job Insecurity on Turnover Intentions in Start-ups: Mediating Role of Job Stress. Business Management & Human Resources, 47(2), 199-215
Setiyati, R., & Hikmawati, E. (2019). Pentingnya perencanaan SDM dalam organisasi. Forum Ilmiah, 16(2), 215–221
Shahpouri, S., Namdari, K., & Abedi, A. (2015). Mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between job resources and personal resources with turnover intention among female nurses. Applied nursing research, 30(1), 216–221
Siddiqi, M. A. (2013). Examining work engagement as a precursor to turnover intentions of service employees. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 5(4), 118–132
Sjöberg, A., & Sverke, M. (2000). The interactive effect of job involvement and organizational commitment on job turnover revisited: A note on the mediating role of turnover intention. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41, 247–252.
Sørlie, H. O., Hetland, J., Dysvik, A., Fosse, T. H., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2020). Person-Organization Fit in a military selection context. Military Psychology, 32(3), 237–246.
Wang, C., Xu, J., Zhang, T. C., & Li, Q. M. (2020). Effects of professional identity on turnover intention in china’s hotel employees. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 10–22
Winden, W. van, & Carvalho, L. (2019). Intermediation in public procurement of innovation: How Amsterdam’s startup-in-residence programme connects startups to urban challenges. Research Policy, 48(9), 1–11.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2007). The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 121–141.
Yalabik, Z. Y., Popaitoon, P., Chowne, J. A., & Rayton, B. A. (2013). Work engagement as a mediator between employee attitudes and outcomes. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2799–2823.
Yin, J., Bi, Y., & Ni, Y. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on turnover intention among hotel employees: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 51, 539-549
Proceedings of the conference
Jaya, M. A., Ferdiana, R., & Fauziati, S. (2017). Analisis Faktor Keberhasilan SDM Startup yang Ada di Yogyakarta. Prosiding SNATIF, 4, 175–179
Lee, H. S., Lee, J. W., Kim, H. Y., Jo, H. J., & Lee, B. G. (2016). Promising ICT Transfer Fields for the Promotion of Micro-Startups. Procedia Computer Science, 91, 779–788.
Winden, W. van, & Carvalho, L. (2019). Intermediation in public procurement of innovation: How Amsterdam's startup-in-residence programme connects start-ups to urban challenges. Research Policy, 48(9), 1–11
Book
Bakker, A., & Leiter M. (2010). Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. Psychology Press.
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods. The McGraw-Hill.
Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker, A. (2004). UWES: Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Utrecht Universitry: Occupational Health Psychology Unit.
Ferdinand, A. (2002). Structural equation modeling dalam penelitian manajemen. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hair, Black, Babin, & Anderson. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Other online sources are
Ahdiat, A. (2022, December 26). Gelombang PHK Startup Masih Berlanjut pada Desember 2022. Retrieved from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/12/26/gelombang-phk-startup-masih-berlanjut-pada-desember-2022
Constantin, A. (2022, December 21). Darren Allen, Genesis Property: The Great Resignation is The Great Disengagement. Retrieved from https://business-review.eu/profiles1/opinions/darren-allen-genesis-property-the-great-resignation-is-the-great-disengagement-239906
Nabila, A. (2022, September 16). Survei Ini Ungkap Fenomena The Great Resignation di Indonesia, Apa Itu?. Retrieved from https://www.parapuan.co/read/533481868/survei-ini-ungkap-fenomena-the-great-resignation-di-indonesia-apa-itu
Ningdiah, S.A. (2022, December 20). 3 Tips Menghadapi Layoff Anxiety, Yuk Mulai Bangkit!. Retrieved from https://www.mainmain.id/r/20667/3-tips-menghadapi-layoff-anxiety-yuk-mulai-bangkit
Utomo, W.P. Indonesia Millennial Report 2019: Memahami Perilaku Milenial Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.idntimes.com/indonesiamillennialreport2019
Wicaksono, A. (2021, October 27). Indonesia peringkat 3 bisnis startup paling berkembang di dunia. Retrieved from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20211027191845-185-713281/indonesia-peringkat-3-bisnis-startup-paling-berkembang-di-dunia
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Published
2024-07-09
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Articles
How to Cite
Kholda Anastaya Burhannudin, & Fanny Martdianty. (2024). Turnover Intention on Employees of Start-Up Companies: Subjective Fit Perception, Personal Resources and Job Insecurity with Work Engagement. Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(2), 1017-1032. https://doi.org/10.33367/ijhass.v5i2.5787
