Marriage Guardians in Indonesian and Algerian Legislation: A Comparative Analysis of the Concept of Maslahat and Gender Justice

Ghifari Hirza Firhan Ali

doi:10.33367/legitima.v6i2.4802

Authors

Ghifari Hirza Firhan Ali Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33367/legitima.v6i2.4802

Keywords:

Algeria, Indonesia, Maslahat, Marriage Guardians

Abstract

Purpose – The existence of guardians as a pillar of marriage has been regulated in family law in Muslim countries, two of which are Indonesia and Algeria. These two countries base each other on maslahat in formulating regulations regarding marriage guardians, but with different sociological realities and mazhab tendencies. This is due to the absence of qathi' nash that can be used as a basis for its determination. This study aims to comparatively analyze the provisions of marriage guardians in family law in Indonesia and Algeria in the concept of maslahat theory.

Methods – This research uses normative juridical research methods with a statutory approach (statue approach) and comparison (comparative approach). Data sources come from secondary data sources consisting of primary legal materials in the form of Law No.1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), and Family Code 1984 (Qanun Al Usrah). Meanwhile, secondary legal materials are obtained from books and scientific articles.

Findings – The results of this study indicate that the principle of the problematical provisions of marriage guardians is aimed at maintaining and safeguarding the rights of women under their guardianship. The Indonesian Marriage Law and KHI stipulate that the marriage guardian is a pillar in the marriage contract, and explains in detail the provisions relating to guardianship in marriage in line with the opinion of the majority of scholars on this matter. Meanwhile, in the Qanun Al Usrah Family Code 1984, the marriage guardian is also a pillar of the marriage contract, but it does not elaborate in detail on matters relating to guardianship in marriage. The Family Code 1984 also gives adult women the freedom to choose their guardian to be present in the marriage contract. This seems to make guardianship not one of the pillars of marriage in accordance with the Hanafiyah opinion. It appears that Algeria attempted to adopt all of the scholarly opinions in the Family Code 1984.

Research implications/limitations – Looking at the modern realities in the two Muslim countries, it is appropriate to make reforms to guardianship regulations that prioritize gender equality.

References

Ainiyah, Qurrotul. “Kedudukan Wali Dalam Pernikahan (Perspektif Imam Syafi’i dan Imam Hanafi).” Mukammil: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman III, no. 2 (2020).

Al Ghazy, Muhammad bin Qasim. Fathu al Qarib. Beirut: Dar al Minhaj, 2019.

Al Jaziri, Abdurrahman. Al Fiqhu ala Mazahibi al Arbaah. Vol. 4. 5 vol. Beirut: Dar al Kutub al ’Ilmiah, 2003.

Al-Afriqy, Ibnu Mandhzur. Lisan al Arab. Vol. 15. Beirut: Dar Shodir, 1414H.

Ari, M. Khoirul Hadi al-Asy, dan Adrika Fithrotul Aini. “Hak Perempuan Menikah Tanpa Wali dalam Pandangan Imam Syafi’i dan Imam Ja’fari.” Musawa: Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 14, no. 1 (t.t.). http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2015.141.87-100.

Ashidiqie, Mughni Labib Ilhamuddin Is. “Kritik Atas Peraturan Wali Nikah dalam KHI dan Fikih Perspektif Gender.” Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum 9, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.14421/al-mazaahib.v9i1.2304.

Bakri, Sidi Nadzar. Kunci Keutuhan Rumah Tangga (Keluarga yang Sakinah). Jakarta: Pedoman Ilmu Jaya, 1993.

Damanik, Deniansyah, dan Eka Mardianingsih. “Hukum Keluarga di Dunia Islam: Eksistensi Nasab dan Perwalian di Negara-Negara Muslim.” Jurnal Akademika: Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 3, no. 3 (2022).

Dianati, Yusrina Nur, dan Tika Ifrida Takayasa. “The Politics of Marriage Law in Al Jazair (Between Modernizing Family Law and Maintaining Conservative Values).” Quru’: Journal of Family Law and Culture 1, no. 3 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.59698/quru.v1i3.120.

Djalil, Basiq. Tebaran Pemikiran Keislaman di Tanah Gayo. Jakarta: Qolbun Salim, 2007.

Family Code 1984, t.t.

Hidayati, Taufika. “Analisis Yuridis Peranan Wali Nikah Menurut Fiqih Islam dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia No. 261/K/AG/2009).” Premise Law Journal 3 (2014): 13969.

Hikmatullah. Fiqh Munakahat Pernikahan dalam Islam. Jakarta: EDU Pustaka, 2021.

Huda, Miftahul. “Ragam Bangunan Perundang-Undangan Hukum Keluarga di Negara-negara Muslim Modern (Kajian Tipologis).” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 11, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v11i1.1267.

Junaedi, Dedi. Bimbingan Perkawinan. Jakarta: Akademika Presindo, 2002.

Kosasih, Engkos. “Pemikiran Fikih Maliki Tentang Pernikahan dan Implementasinya dalam UU Perkawinan Aljazair.” Jurnal Bimas Islam 9, no. 11 (2016).

Mahmood, Tahir. Family Law Reform In The Muslim World. Bombay: N.M. Tripathi PVT. LTD, t.t.

———. Personal Law In Islamic Countries. New Delhi: Academy of Law and Religion, 1987.

Maliki, Ibnu Akbar, Abdul Qodir Zaelani, Muh Zaitun Ardi, dan Shivi Mala Ghummiah. “A Gender-Based Maqashid Sharia Study of Penghulu in Indonesia (A Study of Jasser Auda’s Views).” Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syariah dan Masyarakat 23, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v23i1.16447.

Ma’mun, Sukron, dan Ibnu Akbar Maliki. “A Socio-Historical Study of Women’s Rights Advocacy in Islamic Legal Construction.” Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 7, no. 1 (Juni 2023). https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i1.39156.

Muhamad, Amirudin Nur. “Perempuan Sebagai Wali Nikah (Analisis Atas Metode Istinbath Hukum Khoiruddin Nasution).” Tesis, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo, 2022.

Muhammad ibn Rusyd al-Andalusi. Bidayah al-Mujtahid wa Nihayah al-Muqtasid. Vol. 3. 4 vol. Cairo: Maktabah ibn-Taimiyyah, 1994.

Muhammad Jawwad Mughniyah. Al- Fiqhu ala Madzahibi al-Khamsah. Teheran: Muasisatu as- Sadiqah, t.t.

Munawwir, Ahmad Warson. Al Munawwir Arab Indonesia. Surabaya: Pustaka Progresif, 1984.

Naily, Nabiela, Nurul Asiya Nadhifah, Holilur Rohman, dan Mahir Amin. Hukum Perkawinan Islam Indonesia. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2019.

Najib, Agus Moh. “Kontroversi Perempuan sebagai Wali Nikah.” Musawa: Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 5, no. 2 (2007). https://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2007.52.211-225.

Rohmat. “Kedudukan Wali dalam Pernikahan: Studi Pemikiran Syâfi’îyah, Hanafiyah, dan Praktiknya di Indonesia.” Al-’Adalah X, no. 2 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v10i2.253.

Saebani, Beni Ahmad. Fiqh Munakahat 1. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2001.

Sidek, Alang, Diani Syahfitri, dan Fatmawati. “Penunjukan Wali Nikah Bagi Anak di Bawah Umur Menurut Imam Mazhab dan KHI pada Penerapannya di Pengadilan Agama Stabat.” Action Research Literate 4, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.46799/arl.v4i1.81.

Summa, Muhammad Amin. Hukum Keluarga Islam di Dunia Islam. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2004.

Susanti, Ressi, dan Ahmad Rajafi Sahran. “Membangun Kesetaraan Gender Tentang Wali Nikah dan Saksi Dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia (Maqashid al-Syari’ah Approach).” JURNAL AQLAM: Journal of Islam and Plurality 1, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v1i1.496.

Tulab, Tali. “Tinjauan Status Wali Dalam Perkawinan Berdasar Pendekatan Feminis.” Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam 1, no. 1 (2017).

Wijaya, Sandy. “Konsep Wali Nikah dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam Perspektif Gender.” Tesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, 2017.

Zuhaili, Wahbah. Fiqhu al Islamiy wa Adillatuhu. Vol. 7. Suriah: Dar al Fikr, t.t.