Matrilineal Tradition in the Framework of Contemporary Islamic Family Law: An Analysis of Same-Clan Marriage Prohibition in West Sumatra

Krismono Krismono; Muhammad Lutfi; Karimuddin

doi:10.33367/legitima.v7i1.6492

Authors

Krismono Krismono Universitas Islam Indonesia
Muhammad Lutfi Universitas Islam Indonesia
Karimuddin Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33367/legitima.v7i1.6492

Keywords:

Islamic Law, Minangkabau Society, Same-Clan Marriage, Matrilineal Traditions

Abstract

Purpose – This study examines the prohibition of same-clan marriages in the Minangkabau community in Nagari Balun Pakan Rabaa Tengah, West Sumatra, through the lens of Islamic legal sociology. This study explores the cultural rationale behind this prohibition, highlighting its role in preserving the matrilineal structure of Minangkabau society. Despite the absence of explicit legal boundaries in Indonesian law and Islamic law, this study analyzes their alignment with Islamic legal principles in the context of contemporary Islamic family law, such as maqāṣid sharī'ah and 'urf, and their impact on social cohesion and identity.
Design/methods/approach – A qualitative field research approach was adopted, involving interviews and documentation with local community members. This analysis draws on Talcott Parsons' structural functional theory (AGIL framework) and Islamic legal principles to understand the interplay between local customs and religious norms.
Findings – This prohibition optimizes the functional aspects of the Minangkabau matrilineal order and promotes social adaptation, integration and goal achievement. Using the frame of contemporary Islamic family law studies, the prohibition is in line with maqāṣid sharī'ah by ensuring lineage integrity and social harmony through customary norms ('urf). The findings emphasize the ban's dual role in maintaining cultural identity and religious values.
Research implications/limitations – The study's limitation lies in its focus on a single Nagari, which restricts its generalizability. Future research could extend to comparative studies across other Minangkabau regions to assess cultural variations and their implications for social structures.
Originality/value – This study bridges sociology and Islamic legal studies, offering new insights into how local customs can complement religious frameworks to address societal challenges in a pluralistic context.

References

Al Amin, Fauzan, Syofiani Syofiani, Arif Rahmat, Fidya Novita, and Laras Sandi. “Larangan Pernikahan Sesuku Di Minangkabau.” Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 7, no. 1 (December 3, 2023): 39–44. https://doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v7i1.615.

Al-Hakim, Shidiq, Unang Fauzi, and Hendri Tanjung. “The Islamic Worldview and Customary Law on Patterns of Inheritance Distribution.” Journal of Civic Education 6, no. 3 (2023): 230–42. https://doi.org/10.24036/jce.v6i3.1047.

Alhkarni, Awis, and Novia Yuriska. “Minangkabau Customary Marriage Traditions: Integration of Custom and Sharia Principles in the Perspective of Islamic Law.” Usraty: Journal of Islamic Family Law 2, no. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.30983/usraty.v2i2.8834.

Andriyaldi. “Al-’Urf Theory and Its Relevance to Contemporary Jurisprudence Issues.” Al-Hurriyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.30983/alhurriyah.v6i2.4784.

Arisman. “Mahram Dan Kawin Sesuku Dalam Konteks Hukum Islam (Kajian Tematik Ayat-Ayat Hukum Keluarga).” Jurnal Ilmiah Syari’ah 17, no. 1 (2018). https://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v17i1.1017.

Auda, Jasser. Maqasid Al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach. International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2008. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvkc67tg.

Bahari, Krisna Marta, Azmi Fitrisia, and Ofianto Ofianto. “Falsafah Adat Minangkabau Dan Hubungannya Dengan Administrasi Negara.” Ijd-Demos 4, no. 4 (December 22, 2022). https://doi.org/10.37950/ijd.v4i4.338.

Bukhari, Faisal. “The Role of ‘Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN)’ in Solving the Dispute of Communal Land.” Jurnal Cendikia Hukum 6, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.33760/jch.v6i2.340.

Busyro, and Zula Malindo. “The Prohibition Sustainability on Marrying a Woman of the Same Ethnic Group as an Ex-Wive in Minangkabau’s Tradition.” Innovatio Journal for Religious Innovations Studies 22, no. 2 (2022): 171–84. https://doi.org/10.30631/innovatio.v22i2.157.

Darwis, Dirwan Ahmad, and Nazri Muslim. “Minangkabau Cultural Identity: History and Development.” International Journal of Religion 5, no. 10 (2024). https://doi.org/10.61707/fbvrmv21.

Dirkareshza, Rianda, Nada Prima Dirkareshza, and Rosalia Dika Agustanti. “Assimilation of Customs With Islamic Law in Minangkabau Customary Inheritance Law.” Syiah Kuala Law Journal 6, no. 1 (2022): 80–92. https://doi.org/10.24815/sklj.v6i1.28305.

Farsalena, Sintia. “The Minangkabau Women’s Cultural Adaptation Strategy in Inter-Ethnic Marriage.” MUHARRIK: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Sosial 4, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.37680/muharrik.v4i02.957.

Fawzi, Ramdan. “Aplikasi Kaidah Fikih العادة محكمة Dalam Bidang Muamalah.” Amwaluna Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Syariah 2, no. 1 (2018): 147–67. https://doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v2i1.3279.

Febria, Ria, Rini Heryanti, and Amri Panahatan Sihotang. “Kajian Hukum Perkawinan Adat Sesuku Di Masyarakat Minangkabau.” Semarang Law Review (Slr) 3, no. 1 (2022): 12. https://doi.org/10.26623/slr.v3i1.4774.

Fitri, Aulia. “Penerimaan Diri Dengan Konseling Realita Terhadap Larangan Perkawinan Sesuku Di Minangkabau.” Ristekdik Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling 6, no. 1 (2021): 102. https://doi.org/10.31604/ristekdik.2021.v6i1.102-108.

Games, Donard, Geoffrey N. Soutar, and Joanne Sneddon. “Personal Values and SME Innovation in a Muslim Ethnic Group in Indonesia.” Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 13, no. 5 (2020): 1012–32. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-01-2020-0008.

Gayatri, Satya, Ida Rochani Adi, and Wening Udasmoro. “Changes in the Matrilineal System Within Minangkabau Children’s Carito.” Jurnal Humaniora 31, no. 1 (2019): 61. https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.v31i1.33396.

Greve, Jens. “Talcott Parsons: Toward a General Theory of Action/The Social System.” In Schlüsselwerke der Emotionssoziologie, edited by Konstanze Senge, Rainer Schützeichel, and Veronika Zink, 443–56. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37869-1_47.

Halimatussa’diyah, Halimatussa’diyah, Kusnadi Kusnadi, Ai Y. Yuliyanti, Deddy Ilyas, and Eko Zulfikar. “Minangkabaunese Matrilineal: The Correlation Between the Qur’an and Gender.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 80, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v80i1.8643.

Insani, Nurul. “Perkawinan Satu Suku Dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau Menurut Pandangan Hukum Islam.” Universitas Islam Riau Pekanbaru, 2022.

Mahfudhi, Heri, and M. Kholis Arrosid. “Teori Adat Dalam Qowaid Fiqhiyah Dan Penerapanya Dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam.” Familia Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 2, no. 2 (2021): 119–36. https://doi.org/10.24239/familia.v2i2.28.

Maliki, Ibnu Akbar, and Anta Mustika Sari. “Relasi Suami Istri Dalam Pengasuhan Anak Perspektif Mubadalah (Studi Kasus Di Desa Rajabasa Lama II).” SETARA: Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Anak 5, no. 2 (2023). https://doi.org/10.32332/jsga.v5i02.6880.

Ma’mun, Sukron, and Ibnu Akbar Maliki. “A Socio-Historical Study of Women’s Rights Advocacy in Islamic Legal Construction.” Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 7, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i1.39156.

Nurdin, Zefrizal, and Hilaire Tegnan. “Legal Certainty in the Management of Agricultural Land Pawning in the Matrilineal Minangkabau Society, West Sumatra.” Land 8, no. 8 (2019): 117. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8080117.

Ormerod, Richard. “The History and Ideas of Sociological Functionalism: Talcott Parsons, Modern Sociological Theory, and the Relevance for OR.” Journal of the Operational Research Society 71, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1873–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2019.1640590.

Pangulu, M. Sayuti Dt. Rajo, Hasnul Fikri, Syofiani Syofiani, and Romi Isnanda. “Marriage System in Minangkabau Culture: Temporary Minangkabau People’s Perception.” Journal of Cultura and Lingua 3, no. 1 (2022): 49–55. https://doi.org/10.37301/culingua.v3i1.106.

Parker, Lyn. “Matrifocal, Matrilineal, or Matriarchal? Cultural Resilience and Vulnerability Among the Matrilineal and Muslim Minangkabau in Indonesia.” In Matrilineal, Matriarchal, and Matrifocal Islam The World of Women-Centric Islam, edited by Abbas Panakkal and Nasr M. Arif. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2024.

Parsons, Talcott. The Social System. England: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, 1951.

Parsons, Talcott, and Renée Fox. “Illness, Therapy and the Modern Urban American Family.” Journal of Social Issues 8, no. 4 (October 1952): 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1952.tb01861.x.

Pradipta, Lengga. “Reconnecting Culture and Resilience: Understanding Minangkabau Women Strategies in Disaster Management.” Jurnal Antropologi Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya 22, no. 2 (2020): 286. https://doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v22.n2.p286-293.2020.

Rahmi Putri, Mega. “Inheritance of Property in Minangkabau: Review of Customary Law and Islamic Law” 1 (2023): 387–95. https://doi.org/10.30983/gic.v1i1.151.

Rahmi, Ummi, M. Rachmat Effendi, and Nandang Hmz. “Penerapan Komunikasi Islam Dalam Membangun Sistem Kekerabatan Berdasarkan Adat Minagkabau.” Bandung Conference Series Islamic Broadcast Communication 3, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsibc.v3i1.6852.

Rizaldi, Syamsu, and Bimbi Irawan. Penataan Administrasi Pemerintahan Dan Struktrul Sosial Adat Di Kabupaten Solok Selatan. Vol. 1. Padang: Yayasan Rancak Publik, 2019.

Sahur, Muhammad, Yahya Krisnawansyah, and Rianda Prima Putri. “The Relationship Between Nagari Government Policy and Customary Law” 10, no. 1 (2023): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.62066/jpab.v10i1.7.

Saiin, Asrizal. “Prohibition of Marriage Due to Maqashid Sharia Perspective, An Approach.” Advances in Humanities and Contemporary Studies 2, no. 1 (2021). https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/ahcs/article/view/1641.

Saputra, Rizki. “Konsep Mahram Terhadap Perkawinan Sesuku Dalam Adat Minangkabau.” UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2022.

Sebastian, Aleena. “Matrilineal Practices Among Muslims: An Ethnographic Study of the Minangkabau of West Sumatra.” Ethnography, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1177/14661381221147137.

Shabana, Ayman. “The Place of Custom in Islamic Law: Past and Present.” In Routledge Handbook of Islamic Law, edited by Khaled Abou El Fadl, Ahmad Atif Ahmad, and Said Fares Hassan. London: Routledge, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315753881.

Siradjudin, Azmi, and Ibnu Akbar Maliki. “Zhihar Contextualization in Indonesia: An Anthropo-Linguistic Study.” Al-’Adalah 19, no. 2 (2022). https://dx.doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v19i2.14040.

Sopyan, Yayan, and Helma Suryani. “Marriage with Same Tribes in the Customary Law of Minangkabau Batipuh Ateh (A Legal Anthropology Approach).” Jurnal Hukum Islam 18, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v18i2.3262.

Sriwulan, Wilma, Irwan Irwan, Selvi Kasman, Yon Hendri, and Erizal Erizal. “Minang Women’s Music in Matrilineal Kinship: Revealing the Boundaries of Ethics and Performance Aesthetics.” Harmonia Journal of Arts Research and Education 23, no. 2 (2023): 387–95. https://doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v23i2.38229.

Stark, Alexander. “The Matrilineal System of the Minangkabau and Its Persistence Throughout History: A Structural Perspective.” Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal 13, no. 1 (2013).

Sukmawati, Ellies. “Filosofi Sistem Kekerabatan Matrilineal Sebagai Perlindungan Sosial Keluarga Pada Masyarakat Minangkabau.” Empati Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial 8, no. 1 (2019): 12–26. https://doi.org/10.15408/empati.v8i1.16403.

Syafira, Syafira, and Ahyat Habibi. “The Inheritance of Property and the Position of Sons in Accordance With the Matrilinial System in the Minangkabau Indigenous People and Its Relationship With the Rules of Al-Adah Muhakkamah.” Manazhim 5, no. 2 (2023): 853–66. https://doi.org/10.36088/manazhim.v5i2.3492.

Taufiq, Muhammad, and Busyro Busyro. “Marriage System in Minangkabau: Interpreting the Concept of Culture Promoted in the Quran.” Islam Transformatif Journal of Islamic Studies 6, no. 2 (2023): 173. https://doi.org/10.30983/it.v6i2.6114.

Wanto, Deri, Rahmad Hidayat, and R. Repelita. “Maqasid Shariah’s Change as Theory: From Classical to Cotemporary Maqasid Shariah.” Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, no. 2 (November 11, 2021): 427. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v6i2.3122.

Wulandari, Yosi, Pujiharto Pujiharto, and Sri Ratna Saktimulya. “Custom and Syarak as the Theme in Tambo Minangkabau.” Indonesian Language Education and Literature 7, no. 1 (November 21, 2021): 42. https://doi.org/10.24235/ileal.v7i1.8944.

Yamamah, Ansari. “The Existence of Al-Urf (Social Tradition) in Islamic Law Theory.” IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science 21, no. 12 (2016). https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2112074348.

Yulia, Deti, Sukron Ma’mun, and Ibnu Akbar Maliki. “Pergeseran Peran Anak Laki-Laki Tertua Dalam Adat Lampung Saibatin.” El-Izdiwaj: Indonesian Journal of Civil and Islamic Family Law 4, no. 1 (2023). https://dx.doi.org/10.24042/el-izdiwaj.v4i1.16722.

Yustim, Yuliana Nelisma, Silvianetri, and Yukafi Mazida. “Larangan Perkawinan Sesuku Dalam Budaya Minangkabau Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Konseling Budaya.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sekretari/Administrasi Perkantoran 9, no. 1 (2022).